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| It was introduced into production for the [[Royal Navy]] in 1898.{{ARTS1898|pp. vi-vii}} | | It was introduced into production for the [[Royal Navy]] in 1898.{{ARTS1898|pp. vi-vii}} |
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| It and the [[14-in R.G.F. Mark X Torpedo|14-in R.G.F. Mark X]] and a portion of the [[18-in R.G.F. Mark IV Torpedo]]es ordered in 1898 would be among the first to employ gyroscopes. | | It and the [[14-in Mark X Torpedo (UK)|14-in R.G.F. Mark X]] and a portion of the {{Torp|18-in Mark IV|UK}}es ordered in 1898 would be among the first to employ gyroscopes. |
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| ==Development and History== | | ==Development and History== |
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| ===Particulars=== | | ==Mark I== |
| The final design is laid out in the ''Annual Report of the Torpedo School, 1898''.{{{ARTS1898|pp. 20-22, Plates 8, 9}} | | The final design is laid out in the ''Annual Report of the Torpedo School, 1898''.{{{ARTS1898|pp. 20-22, Plates 8, 9}} |
| {{TBC}} | | {{TBC}} |
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| The diameter was precisely 14 inches, but the spec allowed 14.015 inches, uncharged, as a maximum. It carried a charge of 79 pounds dry guncotton, 90 when wetted.
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| With pistol but without air: weight 696 pounds, metacentric height 0.5 inches and C.G. 99.52 inches from end of screw shaft. When charged with 28.5 pounds of air, C.G. is 100.43 inches from end of screw shaft. The pistol projected 4.35 inches with a left-handed fan which was 5 inches tip-to-tip. The warhead was cissoid shaped, 26.1 inches long, of sheet phosphor bronze, and weighed 122 pounds with its 90 pound wet guncotton charge. An exercise head of the same shape, weight and metacentric height of 0.7 inches. It could receive the same Holmes light as the R.G.F. Mark VIII weapons.
| | ==1898== |
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| Uncharged with pistol, it had a buoyancy of 11 pounds in fresh water. When charged with 28.5 pounds of air with pistol, it was ballasted and adjusted to float horizontally and upright in salt water at a density of 1.026, at 60 degrees F.
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| The engines 40.884 H.P., delivering 1006 R.P.M. over a 600 yard run. The top fin was 0.148 inches thick, the bottom 0.18 and the sides 0.155. The two steel three-bladed propellors had increasing pitch, mean pitch of 36 inches.
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| The proof and passing tests were six runs when charged to 1,350 psi:
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| * two runs from a submerged frame at target 600 yards distant
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| * two runs from an A.W. tube at least four feet above the water at a target 300 yards away
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| * one run above water at target 600 yards away
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| * one run from submerged frame at target 600 yards away
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| The limits of deviation permitted were:
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| * lateral deviation from the submerged frame must be less than 9 yards either way throughout run
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| * from A.W. tube, lateral deviation of 6 yards at 300 yards or 18 yards at 600 yards
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| * deviation from set depth not to exceed +/- 18 inches
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| The speeds required were:
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| * not less than 27 knots in 60 degrees and warmer
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| * not less than 26.5 knots in 50-60 degrees
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| * at least 26 knots in water colder than 50 degrees
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| Endurance was tested in just one torpedo in a batch of twenty, after passing the above tests:
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| # make six short runs from above water gun 10 feet or more above water
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| # be fired from submerged frame and pass within 10 yards of target at 600 yards
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| # it must then "shew no signs of weakness or distortion"
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| Lastly, one torpedo of every ten was to be tested for interchangeability.
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| ==Manufacture and Use==
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| ===1896===
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| Horsea adjusted the first 69 torpedoes in 1896. They averaged 27.21 knots at 600 yards in 44.7 degree water.{{ARTS1896|pp. 42}}
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| Whitehead-made specimens were passed at Weymouth in three groups, delivering the following average speeds to 600 yards:{{ARTS1896|p. 43}}
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| * thirty-six torpedoes averaged 27.55 knots in 52.3 degree water.
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| * thirteen torpedoes averaged 27.90 knots in 57.7 degree water.
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| * twelve torpedoes averaged 27.31 knots in 48.6 degree water.
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| ===1898===
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| 100 are ordered and are under manufacture at Whitehead, Weymouth.{{ARTS1898|p. 19}} | | 100 are ordered and are under manufacture at Whitehead, Weymouth.{{ARTS1898|p. 19}} |
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