Majestic Class Battleship (1894): Difference between revisions

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| {{Template:UK-Jupiter}}
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|[[Thomson]]
|[[J. & G. Thomson]]
|26 Apr, 1894
|26 Apr, 1894
|18 Nov, 1895
|18 Nov, 1895
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</div name=fredbot:ships>
</div name=fredbot:ships>
==Boats==
The boats were:{{ARTS1895|p. viii}}
* one 40-foot Steam Pinnace with dropping gear for 14-in torpedoes
* two 56-foot Steam Pinnace with dropping gear for 14-in torpedoes
The dropping gear on the 40 foot boat was 22 feet from the stem, determined as the best place by trials.
==Binoculars==
In September 1914, the ships were allowed four additional pairs of Pattern 343 Service Binoculars.{{AWO1914|331 of 8 Sep, 1914}}
==Searchlights==
==Searchlights==
In 1907, these ships, along with battleships of the [[Canopus Class Battleship (1897)|''Canopus'']], [[London Class Battleship (1899)|''London'']], and [[Duncan Class Battleship (1901)|''Duncan'']] classes, along with armoured cruisers of the [[Powerful Class Cruiser (1895)|''Powerful'']], [[Drake Class Cruiser (1901)|''Drake'']], [[Cressy Class Cruiser (1899)|''Cressy'']], [[Monmouth Class Cruiser (1901)|''Monmouth'']] and [[Devonshire Class Cruiser (1903)|''Devonshire'']] classes were to land their searchlights from their tops and obtain two additional 24-inch models from their dockyards for  placement on the shelter or boat deck. These were to be augmented by (or further upgraded to?) a pair of 36-in searchlights when they became available.{{ARTS1907|p. 35.  The location for each ship type was placement stipulated in C.N.2 11884/13066, 13.12.1906}}
In 1907, these ships, along with battleships of the [[Canopus Class Battleship (1897)|''Canopus'']], [[London Class Battleship (1899)|''London'']], and [[Duncan Class Battleship (1901)|''Duncan'']] classes, along with armoured cruisers of the [[Powerful Class Cruiser (1895)|''Powerful'']], [[Drake Class Cruiser (1901)|''Drake'']], [[Cressy Class Cruiser (1899)|''Cressy'']], [[Monmouth Class Cruiser (1901)|''Monmouth'']] and [[Devonshire Class Cruiser (1903)|''Devonshire'']] classes were to land their searchlights from their tops and obtain two additional 24-inch models from their dockyards for  placement on the shelter or boat deck. These were to be augmented by (or further upgraded to?) a pair of 36-in searchlights when they became available.{{ARTS1907|p. 35.  The location for each ship type was placement stipulated in C.N.2 11884/13066, 13.12.1906}}
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===Secondary Battery===
===Secondary Battery===
In early 1905, it was approved that the 6-in guns in ''Majestics'' and later battleships should have "A" class cross connected sights, with one V.P. 7 to 21 scope and one 3 power illuminated scope in a body enlarged to V.P. size (in the Q.F. guns), and a V.P.D.N. 5 to 12 scope (for the B.L. guns).{{PQDNO1905|pp. 489-91}}


===Other Guns===
===Other Guns===
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===Torpedoes===
===Torpedoes===
There were 4 submerged 18-in tubes and one above water:{{ARTS1894|pp. 72-73}}{{ARTS1895|p. viii}}{{UKTorpM1909III|p. 265}}
* two submerged tubes forward, with three torpedoes each and one (shared between them) for exercise, depressed 1 degree and angled directly abeam, axis of tube 11 foot 5 inches below load water line and 2 foot 3 inches above the deck.
* two submerged tubes aft, with three torpedoes each and one (shared between them) for exercise, depressed 1 degree and angled at 20 degrees abaft the beam; axis of tube 11 foot 8 inches below load water line and 2 foot 4 inches above the deck.
* one above water stern tube with two torpedoes and one for exercise
Additionally, five 14-in torpedoes were carried for use by the ships' boats.
The stern tube would have only one torpedo stored near it; its other two would be stored in the aft submerged torpedo room.
The aft submerged tubes were found to deflect their torpedoes just 3 degrees. 
The aft submerged torpedo tubes were angled 20 degrees abaft the beam.{{ARTS1896|p. 40}}
The aft submerged torpedo tubes were angled 20 degrees abaft the beam.{{ARTS1896|p. 40}}
In 1895, the torpedo models in use were the {{Torp|18-in Mark IV|UK}} and the {{Torp|14-in Mark IX|UK}}.{{ARTS1895|p. 27}}


==Fire Control==
==Fire Control==
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The ship's guns were organized in 3 groups:{{HFCI1914|p. 8}}
The ship's guns were organized in 3 groups:{{HFCI1914|p. 8}}
# Two 12-in turrets
# Two 12-in turrets
# Starboard 6-in guns ('A' & 'X')
# Starboard 6-in guns ("A" & "X")
# Port 6-in guns ('B' & 'Y')
# Port 6-in guns ("B" & "Y")


===Local Control in Turrets===
===Local Control in Turrets===
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* Captain's Cease Fire Bells:  18 with 1 key
* Captain's Cease Fire Bells:  18 with 1 key


''Illustrious'' and ''Victorious'' had [[Vickers|Vickers, Son and Maxim]] equipment as well as Barr and Stroud [[Range Rate|rate]] instruments{{HFCI1909|pp. 56-7, 59}} as follows:{{HFCI1909|p. 60}}
{{UK-Illustrious}} and {{UK-Victorious}} had [[Vickers Dial Fire Control Instruments|Vickers, Son and Maxim]] equipment as well as Barr and Stroud [[Range Rate|rate]] instruments{{HFCI1909|pp. 56-7, 59}} as follows:{{HFCI1909|p. 60}}


* Vickers range transmitters:  6
* Vickers range transmitters:  6
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==See Also==
==See Also==
{{refbegin}}
{{WP|http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Majestic_class_battleship}}
{{WP|http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Majestic_class_battleship}}
{{refend}}


==Footnotes==
==Footnotes==
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name=Jupiter
name=Jupiter
pend=D.50 (1914)<br>P.50 (Sep 1915)<br>N.64 (1918){{DittColl|p. 29}}
pend=D.50 (1914)<br>P.50 (Sep 1915)<br>N.64 (1918){{DittColl|p. 29}}
builder=[[Thomson]]{{DittColl|p. 29}}
builder=[[J. & G. Thomson]]{{DittColl|p. 29}}
order="
order="
laid=26 Apr, 1894{{Conways1860|p. 34}}
laid=26 Apr, 1894{{Conways1860|p. 34}}

Latest revision as of 13:26, 4 April 2020

Boats

The boats were:[1]

  • one 40-foot Steam Pinnace with dropping gear for 14-in torpedoes
  • two 56-foot Steam Pinnace with dropping gear for 14-in torpedoes

The dropping gear on the 40 foot boat was 22 feet from the stem, determined as the best place by trials.

Binoculars

In September 1914, the ships were allowed four additional pairs of Pattern 343 Service Binoculars.[2]

Searchlights

In 1907, these ships, along with battleships of the Canopus, London, and Duncan classes, along with armoured cruisers of the Powerful, Drake, Cressy, Monmouth and Devonshire classes were to land their searchlights from their tops and obtain two additional 24-inch models from their dockyards for placement on the shelter or boat deck. These were to be augmented by (or further upgraded to?) a pair of 36-in searchlights when they became available.[3]

Armament

During the war, along with those of other older ships, the eight 6-inch guns casemated on the first deck proved of little use in practical sea states. It was decided, on Hannibal and Magnificent to remove the eight casemate guns, plate their ports over and move 4 of them to the upper deck. Four of the twelve 12-pdr guns were also surrendered due to this alteration. The other vessels were disarmed and their guns repurposed.[4]

Main Battery

The 12-in guns were Mark VIII, though the turrets used differed by ship:[5]

Mounting Ships
B III Caesar, Illustrious
B II Jupiter, Prince George
B ??? Others

The Prince George only (perhaps) had 5-hp electrical motors to assist hand-training gear and smaller motors to raise pressure in an auxiliary hydraulic system for elevation and running out the guns.[6]

Secondary Battery

In early 1905, it was approved that the 6-in guns in Majestics and later battleships should have "A" class cross connected sights, with one V.P. 7 to 21 scope and one 3 power illuminated scope in a body enlarged to V.P. size (in the Q.F. guns), and a V.P.D.N. 5 to 12 scope (for the B.L. guns).[7]

Other Guns

Twelve 12-pdr guns, later reduced to eight in Hannibal and Magnificent when their 6-in casemate guns were relocated.

Torpedoes

There were 4 submerged 18-in tubes and one above water:[8][9][10]

  • two submerged tubes forward, with three torpedoes each and one (shared between them) for exercise, depressed 1 degree and angled directly abeam, axis of tube 11 foot 5 inches below load water line and 2 foot 3 inches above the deck.
  • two submerged tubes aft, with three torpedoes each and one (shared between them) for exercise, depressed 1 degree and angled at 20 degrees abaft the beam; axis of tube 11 foot 8 inches below load water line and 2 foot 4 inches above the deck.
  • one above water stern tube with two torpedoes and one for exercise

Additionally, five 14-in torpedoes were carried for use by the ships' boats. The stern tube would have only one torpedo stored near it; its other two would be stored in the aft submerged torpedo room. The aft submerged tubes were found to deflect their torpedoes just 3 degrees.

The aft submerged torpedo tubes were angled 20 degrees abaft the beam.[11]

In 1895, the torpedo models in use were the 18-in Mark IV torpedo and the 14-in Mark IX torpedo.[12]

Fire Control

Though it may have little relevance given the age difference, the general system of wiring between the TSs in ships prior to Lord Nelson class is illustrated in Handbook for Fire Control Instruments, 1914.[13]

Rangefinders

Evershed Bearing Indicators

It is unlikely that this equipment was ever provided.[Inference]

Directors

These ships never received directors for main or secondary batteries.[14]

Gunnery Control

The ship's guns were organized in 3 groups:[15]

  1. Two 12-in turrets
  2. Starboard 6-in guns ("A" & "X")
  3. Port 6-in guns ("B" & "Y")

Local Control in Turrets

There was no provision in these ships for local turret control wherein the receivers in the turret could be driven by transmitters in the officer's position at the back of the turret.[16]

Transmitting Stations

These ships likely had fore and aft TSes.[17][Inference]

A C.O.S. allowed[Inference] control options of

  1. Fore
  2. After
  3. Separate

Each control group had range, order and deflection transmitters with a pair of receivers, one wired directly to the transmitter as a tell-tale, and the other fed off the wires going to the distant guns (i.e., the aft guns for the fore TS and vice-versa) as a repeat. "These repeat receivers are necessary to keep the idle transmitters in step; when changing back from separate control they are required to enable both halves of the group to be set alike before being paralleled on to one transmitter."[18]

Dreyer Table

These ships never received Dreyer tables.[19]

Fire Control Instruments

By 1909, the ships were equipped with Barr and Stroud Mark II instruments for range and rate, Barr and Stroud Mark I for orders, and Vickers deflection instruments, except Illustrious and Victorious.[20]

For the majority of the ships (probably excluding Illustrious and Victorious with their dissimilar equipment), the Handbook for Fire Control Instruments, 1909 lists the equipment on this class as:[21]

  • Range (B. & S. Mark II): 6 transmitters, 30 receivers
  • Orders (B. & S. Mark I): 6 transmitters, 20 receivers
  • Rate (B. & S. Mark II): 4 transmitters, 8 receivers
  • Deflection (Vickers): 6 transmitters, 26 receivers

Additionally, this class had the following Siemens fire control equipment:[22]

  • Group Switches: 3 (converted by Chatham)
  • Turret fire gongs: 8 with 2 keys
  • Fire Gongs: 12 with 4 keys
  • Captain's Cease Fire Bells: 18 with 1 key

Illustrious and Victorious had Vickers, Son and Maxim equipment as well as Barr and Stroud rate instruments[23] as follows:[24]

  • Vickers range transmitters: 6
  • Vickers deflection transmitters: 6
  • Vickers combined range and deflection receivers: 6
  • Vickers C.O.S.: 3
  • Vickers Check fire switches: 6
  • Barr and Stroud rate transmitters: 4
  • Barr and Stroud rate receivers: 8
  • Siemens turret fire gongs: 8 with 2 keys
  • Vickers fire gongs: 12 with 4 keys
  • Captain's Cease Fire Bells: 18 with 1 key (supplier not stated)

These ships lacked Target Visible and Gun Ready signals.[25]

Torpedo Control

See Also

Footnotes

  1. ↑ Annual Report of the Torpedo School, 1895. p. viii.
  2. ↑ Admiralty Weekly Order No. 331 of 8 Sep, 1914.
  3. ↑ Annual Report of the Torpedo School, 1907. p. 35. The location for each ship type was placement stipulated in C.N.2 11884/13066, 13.12.1906.
  4. ↑ The Technical History and Index, Vol. 4, Part 36. p. 9.
  5. ↑ The Sight Manual. 1916. p. 109.
  6. ↑ Annual Report of the Torpedo School, 1896. p. 58, Plate 17.
  7. ↑ Principal Questions Dealt with by the Director of Naval Ordnance, 1905. pp. 489-91.
  8. ↑ Annual Report of the Torpedo School, 1894. pp. 72-73.
  9. ↑ Annual Report of the Torpedo School, 1895. p. viii.
  10. ↑ Torpedo Manual, Vol. III, 1909. p. 265.
  11. ↑ Annual Report of the Torpedo School, 1896. p. 40.
  12. ↑ Annual Report of the Torpedo School, 1895. p. 27.
  13. ↑ Handbook for Fire Control Instruments, 1914. p. 50 & Plates 50 and 54(I).
  14. ↑ Director Firing Handbook, 1917, pp. 142-3.
  15. ↑ Handbook for Fire Control Instruments, 1914. p. 8.
  16. ↑ Handbook for Fire Control Instruments, 1914. p. 50.
  17. ↑ Handbook for Fire Control Instruments, 1914. p. 50 & Plates 50 and 54(I).
  18. ↑ Handbook for Fire Control Instruments, 1914. pp. 50-1.
  19. ↑ Handbook of Captain F. C. Dreyer's Fire Control Tables, 1918. p. 3.
  20. ↑ Handbook for Fire Control Instruments, 1909. pp. 56-7, 59.
  21. ↑ Handbook for Fire Control Instruments, 1909. p. 59.
  22. ↑ Handbook for Fire Control Instruments, 1909. p. 59.
  23. ↑ Handbook for Fire Control Instruments, 1909. pp. 56-7, 59.
  24. ↑ Handbook for Fire Control Instruments, 1909. p. 60.
  25. ↑ Handbook for Fire Control Instruments, 1914. p. 11.

Bibliography

  • Admiralty, Technical History Section (1920). The Technical History and Index: Alteration in Armaments of H.M. Ships during the War. Vol. 4, Part 34. C.B. 1515 (34) now O.U. 6171/20. At The National Archives, Kew, United Kingdom.
  • Admiralty, Gunnery Branch (1910). Handbook for Fire Control Instruments, 1909. Copy No. 173 is Ja 345a at Admiralty Library, Portsmouth, United Kingdom.
  • Admiralty, Gunnery Branch (1914). Handbook for Fire Control Instruments, 1914. G. 01627/14. C.B. 1030. Copy 1235 at The National Archives. ADM 186/191.
  • Admiralty, Gunnery Branch (1917). The Director Firing Handbook. O.U. 6125 (late C.B. 1259). Copy No. 322 at The National Archives. ADM 186/227.
  • Admiralty, Gunnery Branch (1918). Handbook of Captain F. C. Dreyer's Fire Control Tables, 1918. C.B. 1456. Copy No. 10 at Admiralty Library, Portsmouth, United Kingdom.
  • Parkes, O.B.E., Ass.I.N.A., Dr. Oscar (1990). British Battleships 1860–1950. London: Pen & Sword Ltd. ISBN 0850526043. (on Bookfinder.com).
  • Karl Lautenschlager. A Majestic Revolution in Warship, Volume VII, Issues 25-6.
  • R A Burt. The Majestic Pre-Dreadnought in Warship, Volume VII, Issues 27-8.



Majestic Class Pre-dreadnought
Cæsar Hannibal Illustrious Jupiter Magnificent
  Majestic Mars Prince George Victorious  
<– Centurion Class Battleships (UK) H.M.S. Renown –>
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